The arthritis of the knee joint (gonartrosis, osteoporosis) is deformed and destroyed cartilage, accompanied by pain.This condition can lead to loss of function and even disability.The disease usually affects women over 40 years old, especially prone to adequate.At young age, arthritis occurs due to trauma received during sports or hard -working work.Diseases may be a person or bilateral if both legs are affected.It is necessary to treat comprehensive pathology.
Reasons for development
There are two types of joints of the knee joint, depending on the cause of the disease:
- elementary;
- Middle.
The main form of development in childhood and is related to the formation of ligaments or inappropriate joints, even more deformed in physical activity.
The secondary model is due to the reasons described in the table:
| Reason | Representation |
| Injury | Fracture, dislocated, damage to cartilage.It is these factors that contribute to the development of arthritis at a young age.With the presence of injury, cannot bend and bend limbs.Treatment includes temporary fix of the leg, making the blood circulation worsen.This becomes the reason for the formation of muscle disease.When a cartilage is removed, diseases develop in 9 out of 10 cases |
| Increase the load | They must correspond to one person's age.With excessive load, microtrauma and prolonged occurs, not always feel, but causing significant harm to the condition of the joints.All movements in sports should be smooth.The knee joints are the most amazing while running and squats |
| Overweight | This factor causes cartilage damage.In the full people, the restoration of the knee joint occurs longer, as the additional load from the excess weight lies exactly on the knee.The form of arthritis is serious caused by obesity along with varicose veins |
| Weaknesses of the ligament movement | This condition is usually combined with such handling mobile joints.In this case, a person with a flexible body and can sit on a braided wire without warmth, leading to Microtrauma, and then Arthricis, if there is more damage.The ability to move the joints can also be related to the sensitivity of the leg, so a person does not feel pain in injury. |
| Joint disease | Arthritis usually occurs when arthritis (rheumatism, reaction or psoriasis).In this case, the accumulation of the epidemic operates in the common compartment, leading to tissue and joint destruction |
| Violation of metabolic processes | If the noise in the fabric occurs, no minerals and essential substances are not received.Lack of calcium negatively affects the condition of cartilage.This situation also leads to salt deposition |
| Emphasize | With continuous nerve stress and mood change, blood circulation decline occurs in the leg, swelling and inflammation occur |
The disease may occur in the first form (right or left - - -side) or bilateral form:
- Injury is the cause of joint muscle disease;
- Obesity - bilateral.
Symptom
Symptoms of knee arthritis vary depending on the stage of the disease.The classic order of their appearance is described in the table:
| Symptom | Representation |
| Craces and click the joint | This symptom is often not noticed, although crispy shows the beginning of the process.To determine its presence, you should put your hands on the knee cup and slowly bend and remove your knees.Crunch or click can feel quite easy |
| Pain | When the degeneration is started, it is almost unknown and enhanced after a static load (lifting weight).Dynamic load, on the contrary, improve the nutrition of cartilage.Pain is associated with the contact of nerve ends when removing cartilage tissue.With the progression of the disease, the pain is enhanced, because the process of inflammation and edema also occurs.The development of obvious inflammation is to signal the pain that appears even when the remaining |
| Station of dynamic machine | This situation usually occurs after night sleep and lasts 30-60 minutes.Fibrin film is formed during the process of not action of the joint and after sleeping to prevent its movement until it is partially deleted.The hardness of the movement lasts more than an hour shows another disease |
| Reduce amplitude of motion | It manifests itself in the impossible of bending your legs to the end.Patients, strive to minimize pain, try to move less legs.The ligaments are adjusted to a small volume moving over time and shortening |
| Increase the volume of the joint | It occurs due to swelling of soft tissue surrounding the joints and the growth of the thorns along its edge, with the progression of the disease, merging into a single array of |
| Joint | In this case, the joint is blocked in a certain position and with any pain causing pain.This occurs due to changes in the joint surface, in which the ligament inside goes beyond the natural edges of the bone, leading to its prolongation.The joint is fixed in a certain position and can return to the original position that can only be with the reverse ligament of the ligament.In rare and interference cases occurring due to foreign agencies (for example, parts of cartilage) at the overall distance |
| Dislocated and sublimated | These conditions are found with advanced arthritis.With the dislocations, the shaft of the leg turns to one side and the joint is quite difficult.Subluxation is associated with part of the joints of the joint surface compared to normal location.In this case, the pain is pronounced, but the deviation of the lower leg is mild |
Level and type of disease
There are 3 degrees of diseases depending on the severity of the symptoms.
Firstly
Arthritis of level 1 conducts almost asymptomatic.In this case, they are characterized by:
- tired legs;
- A little pain after loading passes when resting;
- mitigate mobility after sleep;
- Rarely - the accumulation of fluid liquid, leading to the formation of bakery cysts;
Outside, joint deformation is not noticeable.In X -Rays, the disease cannot be visible, or small abnormalities are manifested on cartilage and bone surface.Additional studies are required without failure.
Monday
Symptoms in this case will be more pronounced:
- The pain occurs from the minimum load, but after resting, it passes through;
- A crisis occurred during the movement;
- It becomes unable to bend;
- Bones of general changes;
- Progressive epidemic inflammation;
- The shape of joint changes, related to the accumulation of liquid.
In x -ray, bone growth is noticeable.
Tuesday
For muscle disease of level 3, the characteristic features are:
- Pain is not related to load (joints are even at night);
- The ability to move completely disturbed;
- The sensitivity of the joints to change in the weather.
X -ray shows changes in cartilage and surface of the joint.The curvature of the leg leads to defects.
Arthrosis deformation (DoA) is due to bone deposition.Usually, women with excessive weight must endure them.The main symptoms are acute and brittle pain in the joints.Treatment should be started even in the initial stage - in this case, the chances of conservation of cartilage tissue are quite high.
Depending on the localization, muscle disease may be:
- knee;
- Hip (Coksartrosis);
- Cervical;
- shoulder;
- Lotar;
- ankles;
- Animals with backbone.
Comprehensive treatment
The therapy of this disease is quite long.In medicine, there are 3 main stages of treatment depending on the degree of the disease:
| The degree of arthritis | Treatment measures |
| The first |
|
| Monday |
|
| Tuesday |
|
Drugs
The drug is based on 3 groups of drugs:
- Anti -inflammatory drugs are not caused by no.
- Glucocorticosteroid.
- Chondroprotector.
NSAID
This is a group of drugs that have anti -inflammatory, anti -infections and analgesic effects.They are divided into two groups:
- Not human.The anti -inflammatory effect of the drug manifests itself on all tissues of the body, including healthy people.
- Selective.Act directly at the center of inflammation.
The most common side effect of these drugs is the formation of ulcers and erosion of stomach and 12 peremail intestines.Also, you should take money to protect the mucosa.At the same time, local NSAID does not cause such negative consequences, so they can be used for a long time.
To achieve rapid pain relief and anti -inflammatory, intramuscular effect with NSAID are prescribed.
Glucocorticosteroid
These drugs are prescribed if the effects of NSAID are not enough.
The hormonal compounds for arthritis are only used on the spot - in the form of ointment or internal organs.Glucocorticosteroid ointment cannot be used for more than 7-10 consecutive days.A longer course leads to skin atrophy at the application.
Injecting content is necessary when analgesic and anti -inflammatory effects from NSAID and ointment with hormones are not enough.
The effect of the injection in the joints occurs quite quickly: the patient feels relieved for the first half of the first hour.The injection time depends on the time the drug will be in the general cavity.This is affected by two factors - the mass of the drug is managed and its consumption.The stronger the damage to cartilage, the more the drug is consumed.
Chondroprotector
The mechanism of action of this drug group is based on the supply of necessary substances to restore cartilage.During treatment with chondroprotors:
- There is no anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect;
- The effectiveness of treatment occurs gradually;
- It indicates that prevention is due to the prevention of cartilage destruction.
These drugs include substances forming articular cartilage:
- The construction substance of cartilage, necessary to maintain its structure;
- The basis for the production of intracranial fluid.
It is necessary to take the drug for a long time (3-5 months).
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy is a method of physical influence, which has beneficial effects on the state of the knee joint.The main condition for achieving positive results is the exact choice of the necessary procedures.
Physiotherapy is only auxiliary tool.
Table describing the processes used for knee joints:
| Name | Effect | Treatment time |
| Electricity using drugs | Under the influence of direct current, some drugs can be transferred to the deep tissue of the joint.Anesthesia and chlorine are usually prescribed | Half an hour per day for 2 weeks |
| Ultrafonophoresis | Using ultraviolet rays, the active substances of the drug penetrate deep into the tissue.Hormonal, anti -inflammatory and painkillers are used together | Not more than 10 minutes a day for 10-14 days |
| Laser radiation | Under the influence of light radiation bundle, specific molecules are activated, contributing to recovering metabolism and regeneration in fabric | 7-10 minutes a day for 2 weeks |
| Infrared radiation | Deep heating the tissues, as a result of substances formed to start the recovery reactions in the joint | 10 minutes.Treatment process - 1 week |
| Magnet impulsive | Under the influence of high frequency magnetic fields, changes occur in cells and tissue - membranes are enhanced, metabolic processes are standardized | Each joint - 5-8 minutes in 7 days |
| Local cold pressure therapy | Under the influence of low temperatures (a cold air flow to -30 degrees), there is an increase in the function of all basic systems, stimulating tissue recovery | 10 minutes per joint in 10 days |
Some methods, when making an improper appointment, can aggravate the condition of the knee joint.
Surgical intervention
The medical treatment is aimed at maximum latency in the time when the only treatment is to replace the diseased joint by artificial.Usually, such a decision was made at the end of the arthritis.
The main methods of surgical intervention are:
- Endoscopy joints.A special needle is introduced through puncture, eliminating the growth of pain, as well as cartilage and fragments.
- Prosthetic legs.In this case, damaged joints are removed and replaced by an artificial.Modern fake parts are rarely rejected by the body.
Exercise therapy
A set of exercises for osteoarthritis helps restore joint function and enhance it.They should be done slowly so as not to extend the ligament.
Representation:
- Located on the stomach, slowly lifting the legs alternating until the right corner is formed.The main focus is the muscles of the hips and lower legs.The tension in the back should not be allowed.
- Lying on the stomach, raising your legs straight, as much as possible.In this position, alternating decreases and reproducing them.This exercise is not suitable for everyone, because the trained newspaper is necessary.It should not be done for people with high blood pressure.
- Located on the side, bending the legs below.Lift up the top and linger for a few seconds at the highest point.
- Climb up the socks, hold the back of the chair.Risenice at the top, while stretching the leg muscles.
- Move a smooth way from the heel to the toe.Another foot is the opposite action - from the toe to the heel.
- Rinse at the back of the chair and stand on the heel, lift socks, gradually increase time.
- Stand, strongly rub your feet in the direction from the knee to the thigh.
Diet
There is no special diet for muscle disease.Power repair aims to reduce body weight, reduce inflammation and enhance joint structures.
The diet should be balanced, with high vitamins and minerals.
Basic principles:
- Limit salt consumption (maximum 5-8 g per day) and any salt product (canned food, chips, salt).
- Eliminate fried dishes.Bake food, simmer, cook or steam.
- Increase liquid consumption (up to 2-2.5 liters of water per day).
- Convert to fractional nutrition.
- Use 2-3 fruits daily.
Should use the following dishes:
- fish and seafood;
- seed;
- Sunflower, olive oil and flax seeds;
- Low meat and chicken;
- Fresh fruits and fruits;
- Vegetables - radish, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage;
- Whole bread;
- Milk and dairy products.
Folk methods
Before using any folk remedy, it is advisable to clarify the diagnosis and consult a doctor.The most effective recipes described in the table:
| Ingredient | Application method |
| Ghost leaves and juniper with equal quantities, honey in a ratio of 1: 3 |
|
| Roots, flowers or black skin branches |
|
| Flight leaves - 10 g, 250 ml of water |
|
| Dry mustard and honey (2 tablespoons.), Eggs |
|
| Cabbage |
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| Chamomile, Calendula, Burdock in equal quantities, oil jelly |
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Arthrosis of knee joints is a serious illness that cannot be completely cured.If the first symptoms occur, consult a doctor and follow all your recommendations so as not to take the disease to the final stage.